PCB TOOLS / ENGINEERING WORKSPACE
PCB engineering calculators.
Design with clarity.
PCB engineering calculators and design guides. From copper busbars and signal integrity to electrical sizing and mechanical design: practical tools, clear inputs and engineering context.
Browser-based toolsFormulas & assumptions中文 / English
A GOOD PLACE TO START
Essential design checks
01↗
Copper Bar Current Capacity
Thermal-balance ampacity and loss estimation.
02↗
Copper Bar Resistance
Resistance, power loss, and voltage drop for copper bars.
03↗
PCB Spacing Calculator
Compare selected IPC-2221B conductor spacing references for up to 500 V.
04↗
PCB Impedance Calculator
Microstrip and stripline impedance calculations.
05↗
Trace Voltage Drop
Estimate resistance, drop, power loss, and temperature rise.
06↗
Copper Bar Price Calculator
Estimate cost before quotation and procurement.
THE TOOL DIRECTORY
Find your next calculation
Copper & busbars
Use these tools for copper bar sizing, ampacity checks, resistance, and material planning during high-current design.
6 tools
Copper Bar Current CapacityThermal-balance ampacity and loss estimation.Copper Bar ResistanceResistance, power loss, and voltage drop for copper bars.Copper Bar Price CalculatorEstimate cost before quotation and procurement.Metal Weight CalculatorConvert dimensions into copper, brass, or aluminum weight.Copper Ampacity TableCopper Ampacity Table on PCB Tools with practical formulas, quick inputs, and reference notes for day-to-day engineering work.Plating Thickness Unit ConversionPlating Thickness Unit Conversion on PCB Tools with practical formulas, quick inputs, and reference notes for day-to-day engineering work.
PCB & signal integrity
Focus on spacing, voltage drop, skin depth, and impedance when reviewing high-voltage and high-speed PCB layouts.
16 tools
PCB Via Current & Array CalculatorApproximate via current, temperature rise, resistance and array sizing.SMT Stencil Aperture Area Ratio CalculatorCalculate stencil opening area ratio and theoretical solder paste volume for rectangular and circular apertures.PCB Power Loop Inductance CalculatorQuantify stray inductance & vertical magnetic flux cancellation.CPWG RF Impedance Calculator50Ω/75Ω Grounded Coplanar Waveguide antenna trace.dBm, Watts & Voltage ConverterConvert RF power to RMS and peak voltage at 50 Ω or 75 Ω.RF Attenuator Calculator (Pi/Tee)Pi/Tee/Bridged-T 50Ω attenuator & E96 resistor match.PCB Spacing CalculatorCompare selected IPC-2221B conductor spacing references for up to 500 V.Trace Voltage DropEstimate resistance, drop, power loss, and temperature rise.Skin Depth CalculatorUnderstand frequency-dependent conductor loss.PCB Impedance CalculatorMicrostrip and stripline impedance calculations.PCB Trace Current CalculatorIPC-2221 external/internal trace ampacity & drop.PCB Copper Foil Area, Weight & Cost CalculatorCalculate PCB copper foil area, thickness, total weight (grams/kg), and raw material cost based on board dimensions, layer count, coverage ratio, and 0.5oz~4oz copper specs.PCB Creepage & Clearance Distance CalculatorCalculate PCB minimum electrical clearance and creepage distances according to IEC 62368-1, IEC 60664-1, and UL safety standards based on working voltage, pollution degree, and CTI material group.PCB Differential Pair CalculatorPCB Differential Pair Calculator on PCB Tools with practical formulas, quick inputs, and reference notes for day-to-day engineering work.PCB过孔尺寸计算器PCB过孔尺寸计算器 on PCB Tools with practical formulas, quick inputs, and reference notes for day-to-day engineering work.PCB Trace Length CalculatorPCB Trace Length Calculator on PCB Tools with practical formulas, quick inputs, and reference notes for day-to-day engineering work.
Electronic circuits
Precision resistor calculators, filters, MCU timers, and analog circuit design utilities.
19 tools
Y–Delta Resistor Network CalculatorEdit any delta resistor Ra, Rb or Rc to calculate the wye arms; edit any wye arm R1, R2 or R3 to calculate the delta network.PT100 / PT500 / PT1000 RTD CalculatorCalculate platinum RTD resistance using the CVD equation; editing resistance uses the App’s three-segment polynomial temperature approximation.Energy Converter: Wh, BTU, J and calEdit any energy value to convert watt-hours, International Table BTU, joules and thermochemical calories. The cal conversion explicitly fills an empty App method.Linear Range and Scale ConverterSet two ranges and edit either value for bidirectional linear scaling. Use it for numerical mappings such as 4–20 mA to engineering units, or 0–10 V to percent.Inductor Color Code CalculatorRead the two digits, multiplier and tolerance of a four-band inductor to find its inductance and tolerance range.Coil Inductance Design CalculatorEstimate inductance using a long-solenoid or single-layer air-core Wheeler model, then solve dimensions or turns from a target inductance.RMS Voltage ConverterConvert between RMS, peak and average voltage for eight waveforms, with frequency and pulse duration for pulse trains.Resistor Ratio and Preferred-Value CombinationsEnter R1/R2 or two resistances to compare one-resistor, series-denominator and parallel-denominator preferred-value solutions.TL431 / AMS1117 Resistor CalculatorPrecision divider & E96/E24 auto resistor search.SiC / MOSFET Snubber & Spike CalculatorTurn-off spike prediction, IPC-9592B derating & RCD clamp.Capacitive Power Supply CalculatorTransformerless RC dropper C, Xc & resistor power.NTC Thermistor Temperature CalculatorB-value & Steinhart-Hart equation with MCU ADC.LED Resistor CalculatorSeries LED resistor, E24 match & power rating.Capacitor AC Current & ESR LossCalculate sinusoidal ripple current, reactance and ESR heating.Series RLC Q Factor & BandwidthResonance, loaded Q and exact half-power band edges.L-Match Impedance CalculatorFind RF matching L/C values, Q and shunt placement.LC Filter Cutoff CalculatorCutoff frequency fc, Z0 impedance & Q factor.MCU PWM CalculatorPWM frequency, duty cycle & resolution bits.MOSFET Gate Drive Resistor Rg CalculatorCalculate external gate drive resistor Rg_ext, peak drive current Ipeak, gate switching power loss Pgate, and critical damping resistance R_crit for MOSFET and IGBT circuits.
Power & electrical
Three-phase power, cable gauge sizing, transformer calculations, and power supply design tools.
8 tools
3-Phase Power CalculatorActive, reactive, apparent power and power factor.Cable Cross Section CalculatorCable wire gauge & voltage drop double check.Motor Power & Current CalculatorSingle/3-phase motor FLA, breaker & cable sizing.Transformer Turns Ratio CalculatorTurns ratio, secondary voltage/current & core area.Fuse Selection CalculatorFuse rating with inrush surge & temp derating.Capacitor Charge/Discharge CalculatorRC time constant τ & voltage charge time.Lithium Battery Pack CalculatorS/P pack voltage, Ah capacity, Wh energy & BMS.VFD Braking Resistor CalculatorBrake resistor Ohms, peak power & kW rating.
Thermal design
1 toolsEveryday utilities
Quick utilities for unit conversion, rated current estimation, resistor decoding, and other supporting calculations.
13 tools
AWG Wire Size & Area ConverterConvert AWG, mm diameter and mm² conductor area.Length ConverterConvert mil, inch, mm, and other common units.Rated Current CalculatorTransformers, motors, and capacitor bank current estimation.Capacitor Code CalculatorDecode 104/473 markings, tolerance and pF/nF/µF values.SMD Resistor Code CalculatorDecode 3-digit, 4-digit, R decimal and EIA-96 markings.Resistor Color CodeDecode and reverse-check resistor band values.Voltage Divider CalculatorSolve node voltage and resistor dissipation quickly.Battery Life CalculatorBattery Life Calculator - Online Battery Life Estimation Tool | Bozhong New Material on PCB Tools with practical formulas, quick inputs, and reference notes for day-to-day engineering work.Battery Charging Time CalculatorBattery Charging Time Calculator - Online Estimation Tool | Bozhong Materials on PCB Tools with practical formulas, quick inputs, and reference notes for day-to-day engineering work.Temperature ConverterFree online temperature unit converter. Instantly convert between Celsius (°C), Fahrenheit (°F), and Kelvin (K).Bolt Torque and Preload CalculatorBolt Torque and Preload Calculator - Online Bolt Torque Tool | Bozhong Materials on PCB Tools with practical formulas, quick inputs, and reference notes for day-to-day engineering work.Bolt Preload and Tightening Torque CalculatorBolt Preload and Tightening Torque Calculator - Forward Calculation Tool | Bozhong Materials on PCB Tools with practical formulas, quick inputs, and reference notes for day-to-day engineering work.Motor Torque CalculatorMotor Torque Calculator - Online Asynchronous Motor Calculation Tool on PCB Tools with practical formulas, quick inputs, and reference notes for day-to-day engineering work.
Mechanical design
Springs, cylinders, gears, sheet metal bending, timing belts, and interference fits — everyday mechanical design calculations.
46 tools
Sheet Metal Bending CalculatorK-factor, Bend Deduction BD, BA & flat blank length.Pulley Speed & Ratio CalculatorDriver/driven pulley ratio, RPM & belt speed.Thread Tap Drill CalculatorMetric cut & form tap drill size & depth.CNC Cutting Speed & Feed CalculatorSpindle RPM, cutting speed Vc & feed Vf.Gear Module & Center DistanceSpur & helical gear pitch dia & center distance.Pneumatic Cylinder CalculatorPush/pull force (N/lbf) & ANR air flow.Bolt Tensile & Shear StrengthClass 4.6-12.9 bolt tensile & shear load capacity.Compression Spring CalculatorStiffness, load, and stress verification for compression springs.Cylinder Force CalculatorPush/pull force and safety factors for pneumatic cylinders.Gear Parameter CalculatorSpur gear dimensions from module and tooth count.Chain Length CalculatorRoller chain link count and total length.Timing Belt CalculatorBelt pitch length and pulley diameter estimation.Interference Fit CalculatorMin/max interference for shaft-hub connections.Servo Motor CalculatorTorque, power, and inertia ratio for motor selection.Ball Screw CalculatorInertia, torque, and speed for ball screw sizing.Strength CalculatorNormal, shear, impact, and bending stress checks.Cam Indexer CalculatorInertia and torque for rotary cam indexer selection.Vacuum Cup CalculatorSuction force and cup count for pick-and-place.Pin & Key CalculatorPin shear and key crush/shear strength checks.V-Belt CalculatorBelt pitch length with A/B/C standard matching.Air Consumption CalculatorCylinder air flow and solenoid valve Cv sizing.Press-Fit Force CalculatorPress-fit assembly force from interference.Cutting Speed CalculatorRPM, surface speed, and feed rate conversion.Metric Thread ChartM1–M48 thread dimensions and tap drill sizes.Ball Bearing LookupDeep groove bearing dimensions and load ratings.Hydraulic Cylinder CalculatorForce, speed, flow and rod buckling check.Power Torque ConverterkW, Nm, and RPM inter-conversion.Material PropertiesElastic modulus, density, yield strength lookup.Column Buckling CalculatorEuler critical load for compression members.Bolt Joint Preload Loss & Clamp ForceEstimate preload loss, clamp force and torque from joint stiffness and embedment.Bolt Circle & Hole CoordinatesPCD layout, X/Y coordinates and CSV export.Drill Point Length & DepthFind point length and full-diameter drilling depth.Countersink Depth CalculatorSolve conical depth or diameter using 82°, 90° or custom angles.Counterbore ChartSocket head screw clearance and counterbore sizes.GD&T Tolerance LookupStraightness, flatness, roundness per ISO 2768.Worm Gear CalculatorWorm drive geometry and center distance.Gear Rack CalculatorRack & pinion motor selection.Y-Series Motor SpecsPower, current, speed and torque lookup.Tolerance Stack-upExtreme value dimension chain calculator.Belt Drive CalculatorInertia, torque and speed for belt systems.Tapered Roller Bearing30/32/33 series bearing specs.Thrust Ball Bearing51100-51400 series dimensions.Imperial Thread ChartUNC/UNF tap drill sizes.Material Hardness ChartSPCC/SECC/SUS Hv lookup.Blanking ForceStamping/shearing force calculator.Key & Keyway ChartParallel key dimensions by shaft dia.
FROM CALCULATION TO CONTEXT
Understand the result.
Then make the next decision.
Use these calculators for estimates and design comparisons. Review the assumptions, material data and operating conditions, then validate critical designs through simulation and testing.